practice has been very slow in the medical community. KNEE AND SPINE LASER CENTERPractitioner resistance seems largely based on confusion of the different modalities, the wide variety of frequencies employed (from elf to microwave) and the general lack of understanding of the biomechanics involved. The current scientific literature indicates that short, periodic exposure to pulsed electromagnetic fields (pemf) has emerged as the most effective form of electromagnetic therapy. Magnetotherapy is accompanied by an increase in the.